This reserve was created in 1989 by a Supreme Decree, and later elevated to Law of the Republic of Bolivia. The reserve has a surface area of 246.000 hectares of yungas, cloud forest and is an important source of water for the Southern part of the Department of Tarija. The reserve’s fauna include the jaguar (Panthera onca), ocelot (Felis pardalis), tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and most likely the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus). Amongst the bird species are the military macaw (Ara militaris), the Tucuman parrot (Amazona tucumana), and many others. Approximately 3.500 people live in the reserve and depend directly on its natural resources to survive. Activities such as the illegal extraction of wood, dynamite fishing and poaching threaten the integrity of the reserve